Distribution of fat, muscle, bone, and water in the body.
Body composition describes the distribution of different body compartments: fat mass, lean mass (muscle, organs, water), bone mass, and total body water.
Body composition is assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, reference), skinfold measurements, or hydrodensitometry. It is more informative than body weight or BMI alone. A 'normal weight' may mask sarcopenic obesity (too much fat, too little muscle).
Precisely evaluate nutritional status and metabolic risks beyond weight.
BIA is accessible and sufficient in routine practice. Measure fasting, with stable hydration.
Weight alone is meaningless — body composition reveals the true nutritional status.
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