Nasogastric Tube

Definition

A thin, flexible tube inserted through the nose into the stomach, used for short-term enteral feeding and medication administration. It bypasses oral intake but maintains gastrointestinal function.

How it works

The nasogastric tube is one of the most common methods of enteral nutrition support, providing a minimally invasive way to deliver nutrients to patients who cannot eat or swallow. Insertion is relatively simple and can be done at the bedside without sedation. The tube allows for meal-like digestion in the stomach, promoting normal metabolic function and maintaining gut barrier integrity. However, it is typically used for short-term support (2-4 weeks) as longer-term placement can cause nasal irritation and esophageal complications.

Role

Provides short-term enteral nutrition while maintaining gastric digestion and gut function in patients with swallowing difficulties or impaired consciousness.

Examples

• Acute stroke patients
• Post-operative recovery
• Patients with facial trauma
• Temporary support in acute illness

Recommendations

Verify tube position with X-ray before feeding. Check gastric residuals regularly to ensure tolerance. Elevate head of bed to 30-45 degrees to prevent aspiration. Replace tube every 4 weeks or as needed.

Key takeaway

Nasogastric tubes are convenient, reversible, and effective for short-term enteral nutrition when swallowing is temporarily impaired.

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