Critical reaction using B12 to convert homocysteine into methionine and fuel genetic methylation.
Enzymatic process in which vitamin B12 (cobalamin) acts as a cofactor to transform homocysteine into methionine, thereby feeding the cellular methylation cycle.
Vitamin B12 is an essential cofactor of the methionine synthase enzyme, which catalyzes the transformation of homocysteine into methionine. This reaction is central to the methylation cycle, as methionine is subsequently converted into S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the primary methyl donor in the body. B12 deficiency elevates homocysteine levels and reduces SAM availability, altering DNA and protein methylation. This affects gene expression, energy metabolism, and neurological function. Sufficient B12 intake is vital to maintain optimal epigenetics and metabolism.
Catalyst of the methylation cycle allowing the conversion of homocysteine into methionine to feed DNA methylation.
Adults should consume 2.4 µg of B12 daily from animal sources or fortified foods. Vegetarians and vegans should use supplements or enriched foods. Individuals over 50 and those with digestive issues require increased surveillance of their B12 status.
B12 is indispensable to maintain a functional cellular methylation cycle and balanced homocysteine levels.
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