Dysphagia

Definition

Difficulty or trouble in swallowing affecting the safe passage of food or liquids from the mouth to the stomach, increasing the risk of aspiration and complications.

How it works

Dysphagia can be of neurogenic origin (stroke, Parkinson, dementia) or mechanical (cancer, esophageal narrowing). It affects 15-30% of hospitalized seniors. Dysphagia significantly increases the risk of aspiration of food into the respiratory tract, potentially causing a severe pneumonia. Dysphagia also limits nutritional and hydration intake, increasing the risk of malnutrition and dehydration.

Role

Important complication affecting nutrition, hydration, and safety of the elderly.

Examples

• Coughing during or after meals
• Feeling of choking
• Rough voice after eating
• Saliva accumulation
• Weight loss
• Fear of eating or drinking

Recommendations

Evaluate with a speech therapist or geriatrician. Adapt food texture and consistency (mashed, chopped, pureed). Ensure hydration with thickeners if necessary. Educate on safe eating positions.

Key takeaway

Dysphagia must be detected and managed promptly to prevent severe complications.

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