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Pathologies nutritionnelles

Hyperglycemia

Abnormally high blood sugar indicating glucose regulation problems.

Definition

Elevated blood glucose level, typically above 125 mg/dL fasting or above 200 mg/dL random, indicating impaired glucose metabolism or diabetes.

How it works

Hyperglycemia develops when the pancreas cannot produce sufficient insulin or when cells become resistant to insulin's effects. It may occur acutely in response to illness, stress, or excessive carbohydrate intake, or chronically in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Prolonged hyperglycemia damages blood vessels, nerves, and organs through a process called glycation, contributing to complications like neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Without proper management, severe hyperglycemia can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Dietary management focusing on carbohydrate quality, portion control, and fiber intake is fundamental.

Role

Indicates inability to regulate blood glucose effectively, requiring comprehensive nutritional and medical intervention.

Examples

  • Excessive sugar and refined carbohydrate consumption
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Uncontrolled diabetes
  • Acute illness or stress

Recommendations

Choose low glycemic index foods and increase fiber intake through whole grains, vegetables, and legumes. Practice portion control and distribute carbohydrates evenly throughout the day. Combine carbohydrates with protein and healthy fats to slow glucose absorption.

Key takeaway

Hyperglycemia management requires sustained dietary modifications emphasizing low glycemic index foods and regular physical activity to restore glucose homeostasis.

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