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Macronutrients

Amino Acid

The elementary building blocks that make up all proteins.

Definition

Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. There are 20 in the human body, including 9 essential ones that must be provided by the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

How it works

The 9 essential amino acids are: leucine, isoleucine, valine (BCAA), lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and histidine. Leucine is the primary trigger for muscle protein synthesis. Tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin.

Role

Synthesizing proteins, producing neurotransmitters, serving as an energy substrate.

Examples

  • BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) in meat
  • Tryptophan in eggs
  • Lysine in legumes

Recommendations

Consume a variety of protein sources to cover all essential amino acids.

Key takeaway

The quality of a protein is judged by its essential amino acid profile and digestibility.

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