An imbalance between nutrient intake and the body's actual needs, causing health complications.
Malnutrition is a condition resulting from inadequate, excessive, or imbalanced intake of nutrients relative to body needs. It encompasses both undernutrition (insufficient intake) and overnutrition (excessive intake leading to obesity and diet-related diseases).
Malnutrition can result from various causes including inadequate food access, poor dietary choices, malabsorption disorders, increased metabolic demands, or excessive caloric intake. Undernutrition leads to weight loss, weakened immunity, delayed wound healing, and impaired cognitive function, while overnutrition contributes to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The condition can affect individuals across all socioeconomic levels and age groups, though vulnerable populations such as children, elderly, and those with chronic diseases face higher risks. Assessment requires evaluation of dietary intake, body composition, biochemical markers, and clinical symptoms.
Malnutrition undermines immune function, impairs recovery from illness, reduces physical and cognitive performance, and increases susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases.
Conduct comprehensive nutritional assessment including dietary history, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests. Develop individualized meal plans addressing specific nutrient gaps with whole foods and fortified products when necessary. Ensure regular monitoring and adjust interventions based on changes in health status and nutritional markers.
Malnutrition is preventable and treatable through identification of nutrient gaps and implementation of targeted dietary interventions.
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