T-score

Definition

Statistical measure of bone mineral density compared to that of a young, healthy adult. It allows for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia.

How it works

The T-score is obtained by bone densitometry (DEXA) measuring bone mass. It is expressed in standard deviations relative to the reference of a young healthy adult. A normal T-score is above -1, between -1 and -2.5 indicates mild osteopenia, and below -2.5 characterizes osteoporosis. This measure is essential to evaluate fracture risk and adapt therapeutic interventions.

Role

Identifies bone quality and stratifies fracture risk in an individual.

Examples

• T-score of -0.5 (normal), T-score of -1.8 (osteopenia), T-score of -3.2 (osteoporosis)

Recommendations

Have T-score measured after 50 years, especially for peri-menopausal women. An abnormal value should prompt an increase in calcium intake and physical activity. Results must be interpreted by a healthcare professional.

Key takeaway

The T-score is the diagnostic key for evaluating bone health and fracture risk.

Related terms