Waist Circumference

Definition

Waist circumference is measured halfway between the costal and iliac crest borders. It is the best simple indicator of visceral adiposity and metabolic risk.

How it works

Visceral fat (intra-abdominal) is metabolically active and pro-inflammatory, unlike subcutaneous fat. Metabolic risk increases at 80cm (female) and 94cm (male), and is elevated above 88cm (female) and 102cm (male). Waist circumference is more predictive than BMI for cardiovascular risk.

Role

Marker of visceral obesity, predictor of cardiovascular and metabolic risk.

Examples

• Apple (subcutaneous love handle obesity) vs pear (abdominal visceral obesity – more dangerous).

Recommendations

Measure annually. Reduce waist circumference with aerobic exercise and balanced diet.

Key takeaway

An elevated waist circumference is more hazardous than high weight – abdominal fat is most toxic metabolically.

Related terms