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Macronutrients – Lipids

DHA

A crucial omega-3 fatty acid concentrated in the brain and eyes that supports cognitive function and vision.

Definition

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbons and 6 double bonds, essential for brain and eye development and function.

How it works

DHA is the most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain, comprising about 50% of the brain's gray matter. It is particularly important during fetal development and childhood for cognitive development, but remains essential throughout life for maintaining neurological function and preventing cognitive decline. DHA is also concentrated in the retina of the eye and supports visual function. Like EPA, DHA comes primarily from fatty fish and marine sources; conversion from plant-based ALA is minimal. DHA supplementation has been studied extensively and shows promise for supporting mood, cognitive function, and age-related mental decline.

Role

DHA is essential for brain structure and function, eye health, and cognitive development and maintenance.

Examples

  • Salmon
  • Mackerel
  • Sardines
  • Herring
  • Krill
  • Algae supplements
  • Fish eggs
  • Oysters

Recommendations

Pregnant women and children should prioritize DHA from fish or supplements to support brain development. Adults should aim for 300-500mg of combined EPA and DHA daily. Use algae-derived DHA supplements for vegetarian and vegan options.

Key takeaway

DHA is the brain's preferred omega-3 fatty acid, critical for cognitive function from fetal development through aging.

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