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Macronutrients – Lipids

EPA

A potent omega-3 fatty acid from fish that powerfully reduces inflammation and supports cardiovascular and brain health.

Definition

EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbons and 5 double bonds, found primarily in fatty fish and marine algae.

How it works

EPA is a 20-carbon omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in high concentrations in fatty fish, marine algae, and krill. Unlike the plant-based omega-3 (ALA), EPA is a long-chain fatty acid directly usable by your body for its most powerful anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits. EPA reduces triglycerides, supports mood and mental health, and decreases blood clotting tendency. Your body can convert small amounts of ALA to EPA, but this conversion is inefficient (typically less than 10%), making direct dietary sources or supplementation important for adequate EPA intake. Research strongly supports EPA's role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk and supporting mental health.

Role

EPA powerfully reduces inflammation, protects cardiovascular health, and supports brain and mental health.

Examples

  • Salmon
  • Mackerel
  • Sardines
  • Anchovies
  • Herring
  • Krill
  • Algae supplements
  • Oysters

Recommendations

Consume fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines) 2-3 times weekly for optimal EPA intake. Aim for 250-500mg of combined EPA and DHA daily. Consider algae supplements if vegetarian or unable to consume fish regularly.

Key takeaway

EPA is a highly bioactive omega-3 fatty acid with powerful anti-inflammatory effects that should be prioritized from food or supplements.

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