Arterial Hypertension

Definition

Persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg, increasing cardiovascular disease risk and requiring dietary and lifestyle modifications.

How it works

Hypertension develops through complex interactions between genetics, sodium intake, weight status, physical activity, stress, and alcohol consumption. Excessive sodium increases fluid retention and vascular resistance, while potassium and magnesium deficiencies impair vascular function. The condition damages arterial walls through endothelial dysfunction, leading to atherosclerosis and increased risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and kidney disease. Most hypertension is asymptomatic, making regular monitoring essential. Dietary approaches like DASH diet have demonstrated significant blood pressure reduction.

Role

Represents cardiovascular stress requiring nutritional intervention to reduce vascular resistance and protect organ function.

Examples

• Excessive salt intake
• High processed food consumption
• Overweight or obesity
• Chronic stress and sedentary lifestyle

Recommendations

Follow DASH diet principles emphasizing vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products. Reduce sodium intake to below 2,300 mg daily and limit alcohol consumption. Engage in regular aerobic exercise 150 minutes weekly and manage stress through relaxation techniques.

Key takeaway

Hypertension management through DASH diet, sodium restriction, weight loss, and regular exercise significantly reduces cardiovascular complications.

Related terms