Parenteral Nutrition

Definition

Total delivery of nutrients directly into the bloodstream via an intravenous route, used only when enteral nutrition is impossible or contraindicated.

How it works

Parenteral nutrition is reserved for situations where the digestive tract cannot be used (obstruction, intestinal insufficiency, extensive surgery). It provides all necessary nutrients (amino acids, glucose, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals) in established proportions. It is the most expensive and invasive option with more complications (catheter infections, thrombosis, dysglycemia). In seniors, it is rarely used as a first option and reserved for specific cases.

Role

Ensure complete nutritional supply when the digestive tract cannot be used.

Examples

• Inoperable intestinal occlusion
• Short bowel syndrome
• Enteric fistula
• Extensive post-surgical complications
• Severe sepsis

Recommendations

Use as a last resort after exhausting enteral options. Ensure close monitoring of the catheter and biological parameters. Regularly reassess the need to maintain this support.

Key takeaway

Parenteral nutrition is an important intervention but should be used as a last resort due to its risks and constraints.

Related terms