Ketogenic Diet

Definition

The ketogenic diet is very low in carbohydrates (<50g/day), high in fat (70-75% of total energy expenditure), and moderate in protein. It induces nutritional ketosis — the body uses ketone bodies as the primary fuel.

How it works

By drastically reducing carbohydrates, the liver produces ketone bodies from fatty acids. The brain adapts its fuel from glucose to ketone bodies. Used medically for refractory epilepsy since the 1920s, it is also popular for weight loss and potentially beneficial for certain cancers.

Role

Induce ketosis, reduce blood sugar and insulin, promote lipolysis.

Examples

• Meat, fish, eggs, cheese, avocados, oils, nuts
• Exclude: bread, pasta, rice, fruits (except berries), legumes

Recommendations

Medical supervision recommended. Contraindicated in cases of insulin-treated diabetes, liver or kidney failure.

Key takeaway

The ketogenic diet is effective in the short term, but its feasibility and long-term effects remain to be demonstrated.

Related terms