Oxidative Stress

Definition

An imbalance between harmful free radicals and the body's ability to neutralize them with antioxidants. This imbalance damages cells and contributes to aging and disease.

How it works

Oxidative stress is a cellular condition where reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate faster than the body can eliminate them. This occurs when antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed by excessive free radical production from metabolism, pollution, UV exposure, or poor lifestyle. The resulting damage affects lipids, proteins, and DNA, accelerating aging and increasing disease risk including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Understanding oxidative stress is crucial for preventive nutrition strategies.

Role

Drives cellular damage and is implicated in aging, inflammation, and chronic disease development.

Examples

• Excessive exercise without recovery
• Smoking and air pollution
• Sun overexposure
• High-stress lifestyles
• Poor diet lacking antioxidants

Recommendations

Increase intake of antioxidant-rich foods including colorful vegetables, berries, nuts, and seeds. Practice stress management and regular moderate exercise. Limit exposure to pollution and UV radiation.

Key takeaway

Maintaining balance between free radicals and antioxidants is essential for long-term health.

Related terms