Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Definition

Functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits without structural abnormalities, affecting quality of life.

How it works

IBS results from complex interactions between gut-brain axis dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity, altered gut motility, dysbiosis, and low-grade intestinal inflammation. Genetic predisposition and environmental triggers including diet, stress, and infections contribute to symptom development. IBS affects 10-15% of population and is classified into four subtypes: constipation-predominant, diarrhea-predominant, mixed, and unclassified. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation lasting at least 3 months. Low FODMAP diet shows significant efficacy in symptom reduction. Soluble fiber, adequate hydration, stress management, and probiotic supplementation may provide additional benefit.

Role

Indicates functional gut dysfunction requiring dietary modification and stress management to reduce symptom severity and improve quality of life.

Examples

• High FODMAP food consumption
• High stress and poor sleep
• Sudden diet changes
• Dysbiosis from previous antibiotic use

Recommendations

Trial low FODMAP diet for 4-6 weeks to identify trigger foods, then systematically reintroduce foods to expand diet. Increase soluble fiber gradually through oats, barley, and ground flaxseed. Practice stress reduction through mindfulness, exercise, and adequate sleep.

Key takeaway

IBS management requires individualized low FODMAP diet trial combined with stress reduction and adequate hydration to minimize symptom burden.

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