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Nutrition Basics

Catabolism

The breakdown of molecules to produce energy.

Definition

Catabolism is the set of metabolic reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, producing energy in the form of ATP.

How it works

Glycemic catabolism (glycolysis, Krebs cycle) breaks down glucose into CO₂ and H₂O, producing ATP. Lipid catabolism (beta-oxidation) breaks down fatty acids. Protein catabolism breaks down amino acids. These processes are intensified during fasting, stress, or intense exercise.

Role

Provide the chemical energy (ATP) necessary for all cellular functions.

Examples

  • Glycolysis
  • Beta-oxidation
  • Proteolysis
  • Lipolysis during fasting

Recommendations

Avoid excessive muscle catabolism by maintaining sufficient protein intake and regular physical activity.

Key takeaway

Catabolism is not negative — it's the energy driver of life, to be balanced with anabolism.

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