The breakdown of molecules to produce energy.
Catabolism is the set of metabolic reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, producing energy in the form of ATP.
Glycemic catabolism (glycolysis, Krebs cycle) breaks down glucose into CO₂ and H₂O, producing ATP. Lipid catabolism (beta-oxidation) breaks down fatty acids. Protein catabolism breaks down amino acids. These processes are intensified during fasting, stress, or intense exercise.
Provide the chemical energy (ATP) necessary for all cellular functions.
Avoid excessive muscle catabolism by maintaining sufficient protein intake and regular physical activity.
Catabolism is not negative — it's the energy driver of life, to be balanced with anabolism.
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